This is the glossary for the book “Outcome measures and evaluation in counselling and psychotherapy” written by myself and Jo-anne Carlyle and available now from SAGE. Some glossary entries now link with interactive online (“shiny”) apps.
Just type in whatever you want to look up below and you should see pertinent entries if I have created them yet (over 200 now and climbing!) Beware, the way that the search orders the matches is to my mind bizarre so scroll down through what it offers you, you may find something with exactly the title that is exactly the phrase you typed in to find is hidden down the list of suggestions.
The full list of entries follows in alphabetical order. If what you want is not there and you think it should be, contact me and tell me and I will put it on the (long!) list of entries to be added!
All OM book glossary entries
- “Acting out”
- “Big data”
- “Dropping out”
- “Hard” measures
- “Normal” distribution
- “NS”, “p > .05”, “non-significant”
- “Soft” measures
- “SPIN and SNOUT” in screening
- (Pre)registration
- Accuracy
- Age
- Aggregation
- Alpha
- Alternative (alternate) hypothesis
- Anderson-Darling test
- Anonymisation
- Attrition
- Audit, Clinical Audit
- Authenticity Scale (AS)
- Average absolute deviation (AAD)
- Barplot / bar plot
- Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
- Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
- Between group(s) comparison
- Between groups tests
- Bias
- Binomial distribution
- Blinding
- Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ)
- Bonferroni correction
- Bootstrap methods
- Bootstrap, Bootstrapping
- Boxplot (or box plot)
- Bulimia Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE)
- Card sort methods
- Categorical/nominal data/scaling
- Causality & causal attribution
- Ceiling effect
- Cell and cell size
- Census
- Centiles
- Central location
- Centring/Centering
- Change
- Clinical/non-clinical
- Clinically significant change (CSC)
- Cochrane (collaboration, library)
- Cohen’s d
- Cohen’s kappa
- Common factors
- Compass
- Composite scores
- Computer intensive statistics/methods
- Confidentiality
- Confirmatory factor analysis
- Confounding
- Controlled trials
- Copyleft
- Copyright
- CORC: Child Outcomes Research Consortium
- CORE instruments
- CORE measures
- CORE system
- CORE-10
- CORE-6D
- CORE-OM
- CORE: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation
- Corrected item-total correlations (CITCs)
- Correlation
- Cramer von Mises test
- Cumulative distribution
- Data protection
- Dataset and database
- De-anonymisation
- Dependent variable
- Discrete measures/variables
- Dispersion
- Distribution
- Distribution shape
- Double blind
- Early termination
- Eating attitudes test (EAT)
- ECM (Embedded Change Measurement)
- Effect size
- Effectiveness
- Efficacy
- Efficiency
- Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (ECDF)
- Empirical research
- Employee assistance programmes (EAPs)
- ePROVIDE
- EQ-5D-5L
- Error
- Estimate, estimation
- ESTs (Empirically Supported Treatments)
- Ethnicity
- Expectancy effects
- Face validity
- Factor analysis
- False negative (in screening)
- False negative rate/risk (inferential testing)
- False positive (in screening)
- False positive rate/risk (inferential testing)
- Floor and ceiling effects
- Gaussian (“Normal”) distribution
- Gender
- Generalisability
- GHQ: General Health Questionnaire
- Glasgow Anxiety Scale
- Glasgow Depression Scale
- Goal attainment scaling
- GULP
- Health Economics
- Hedges’s g
- Heteroscedasticity
- Hierarchical linear models/modelling (HLM)
- Histograms and barplots
- Homoscedasticity
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
- Hybrid measures
- Idiographic measure, Idiographic methods
- Idiographic vs. nomothetic: history
- Independence of observations
- Independent variable
- Inferential testing, “tests”
- Informed consent
- Intention to treat (ITT) analyses
- Inter-quartile range (IQR)
- Inter-rater agreement/reliability
- Interaction
- Intercept
- Internal vs. external analyses
- Interval scaling
- Interview measures
- Invalidity
- Investigator bias/allegiance
- IPD: Individual Participant/Patient Data
- Jackknife method
- Jacobson plot
- Jittering
- Kappa
- Kendall correlation coefficient
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
- LD-CORE
- Linear versus non-linear processes/relationships
- MAPI trust
- Maximum
- MCAR: Missing Completely At Random
- McDonald’s Omega
- Mean (arithmetic mean, average)
- Mean Squared Error (MSE)
- Measure
- Median
- Medical model
- Methodology
- MICE: Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations
- Minimum
- Missing values, “missingness”
- Modality
- Mode, modal value
- Monotonic relationship
- Multilevel Models/Modelling (MLM)
- Multiple tests problem
- n > 5 rule
- Nested data, nesting
- Nocebo effect
- Nomothetic measures, Nomothetic data
- Non-parametric “tests”
- Notched box plot
- NPV (Negative Predictive Value)
- Null hypothesis
- Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) paradigm
- Observation
- Open access
- Open data
- Open peer review
- Open source software
- Opting out
- OQ (Outcome Questionnaire) system
- Ordinal scaling
- Orthogonal
- Outlier
- Overprinting
- p value
- Paired or within person tests
- Parametric “tests”
- PBE: Practice Based Evidence
- Peer reviewing / peer reviews
- Percentiles
- Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire (PROQ)
- Placebo effect (and placebos)
- Population
- Post hoc hypothesis
- PPV (Positive Predictive Value)
- Practice Research Network (PRN)
- Pre hoc hypothesis
- Precision
- Predictive value
- Predictor variable
- Principal/Chief investigator
- PROQOLID
- Protocol paper
- Proxy measure
- Pseudonymisation
- PSYCHLOPS (Psychological Outcome Profiles)
- Publication bias
- qq (quantile-quantile) plot
- Quantiles
- Quartiles
- R project
- Random coefficients regression
- Randomisation
- Randomised controlled trial (RCT)
- Range
- Ranking
- Rating scales
- Ratio scale/scaling
- RDBMS: Relational Database Management System
- Re-identification
- Rectangular data
- Regression and linear regression
- Relational Depth Frequency Scale (RDFS)
- Reliability
- Reliable Change Index (RCI)
- Repeated measures (tests)
- Repertory grid
- ReQoL (Recovering Quality of Life)
- Research
- Robustness & robust tests
- Sample
- Sample size, n
- Sampling and sample frame
- Scatterplot/scattergram
- Schwartz Outcome Scale-10 (SOS-10)
- SCORE-15 (Systemic CORE)
- Scoring
- Screening
- Self-report measure
- Sensitivity (in screening)
- Sensitivity analyses
- Sensitivity to change
- Shapiro-Francia test
- Shapiro-Wilk test
- Shiny (server & apps)
- Simulation
- Skew (skew distribution)
- Slope (in linear regression)
- Smallest identical subset
- SMART principles
- Spearman correlation coefficient
- Specificity (in screening)
- Spread
- SPSS
- Square root
- Standard Deviation (SD)
- Standardising/normalising
- Statistic
- Statistical software
- Stevens’ levels of measurement
- Stochastic
- Strathclyde Inventory
- Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
- Subpopulation
- Subset/subgroup
- t-scores
- Tests of fit to a distribution
- The “third sector”
- Ties
- Transforming data/variable(s)
- Type I error
- Type II error
- Uniform distribution
- Usability
- User generated measures
- Validity
- Values based evidence (VBE)
- Variable
- Variance: computation and bias
- Variance: introduction
- Violin plot (or violinplot)
- Visual analogue scale (VAS)
- Within subjects/participants tests
- Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)
- YP-CORE
- z-scores/z-transforming
Page last updated 23.viii.23, author CE, for the moment the page and contents of the glossary are copyright to me. That may change to a Creative Commons licence later when I am happier with the content.